ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition often associated with children and adolescents. It's characterized by symptoms like inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While traditionally seen as a childhood disorder, recent research has unveiled a surprising and concerning connection between ADHD and cognitive decline in later life, particularly an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

In this article, we'll delve into this emerging link and explore why functional medicine may hold the key to protecting against neurodegenerative disorders.

Learn more about conditions we treat: Alzheimer’s disease

The Surprising Connection: ADHD and Alzheimer's Disease

A study published in European Psychiatry sent shockwaves through the medical community. This comprehensive study followed over 3 million individuals for several decades, starting in childhood and continuing into their 60s. The findings were startling: individuals diagnosed with ADHD during childhood were more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease later in life.

The study found that those with childhood ADHD had a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to those without ADHD. The risk was especially elevated among individuals who had been diagnosed with both ADHD and a comorbid psychiatric condition, such as depression or anxiety, during childhood (1). 

The reasons behind this connection are complex and multifaceted. Researchers speculate that individuals with ADHD may have structural and functional brain differences that persist into adulthood, making them more vulnerable to neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease.

Furthermore, ADHD is often associated with difficulties in executive functions like planning, organization, and impulse control. These difficulties might contribute to lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and chronic stress, which are known risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (2). 

Related: New Clues About Alzheimer’s Risk

Functional Medicine: A New Approach to Protecting Brain Health

So, what can you do to protect your brain health if you have ADHD? One approach is to explore functional medicine. Functional medicine is a type of healthcare that looks at the underlying causes of health problems and seeks to address them through a holistic approach. In the case of cognitive decline, functional medicine practitioners may focus on reducing inflammation, improving gut health, and supporting mitochondrial function.

Chronic inflammation can damage brain cells and exacerbate cognitive decline (3). Functional medicine practitioners may recommend dietary changes, such as reducing sugar and processed foods, to address inflammation. They may also suggest supplements that have anti-inflammatory properties, such as omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin.

Improving gut health is another important factor in reducing the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that the health of the gut microbiome is closely linked to brain health (4). A healthy gut microbiome can reduce inflammation, improve immune function, and even produce neurotransmitters that are important for cognitive function. Functional medicine practitioners may test for underlying digestive imbalances, infections, or yeast overgrowth.

Supporting mitochondrial function is crucial for maintaining optimal cognitive function. Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of cells, responsible for producing the energy that cells need to function. Mitochondrial dysfunction, regardless of it being a trigger or a consequence of cognitive impairment, is related to the collection of Alzheimer's disease pathologies (5). Functional medicine practitioners may recommend supplements that support mitochondrial function, such as CoQ10, as well as lifestyle changes such as regular exercise.

Read more: Early Onset Dementia is On the Rise: Here’s Why & How to Protect Your Brain