Depression has reached an all-time high among Americans, with nearly 30% of adults who currently have or are being treated for depression. Depression is a complex mental health condition with various forms. Common types include:
Seasonal affective disorder that typically starts in late fall/early winter and disperses during spring and summer
Depression with symptoms of psychosis, including delusions and hallucinations
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with symptoms present most of the time and for two weeks or more.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) which involves less severe symptoms, but they typically persist for two years or more.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) which often occurs during the winter months, and less commonly during the summer.
Postpartum Depression or perinatal depression where a person experiences a range of depressive symptoms after delivery or during pregnancy itself, respectively.
Depression manifests with a range of emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms, including:
- Persistent sadness
- Loss of interest or pleasure
- Irritability
- Appetite changes
- Sleep changes
- Fatigue
- Body aches & pains
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Thoughts of death or suicide
If you’re struggling with mental health, we can help.
Depression No Longer Considered a Purely Psychological Problem
The chemical imbalance theory of depression suggests that symptoms result from imbalances in certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin. However, recent discoveries now confirm there is no concrete link between depression and chemical imbalances in the brain.
The brain's biochemical processes are incredibly intricate and multifaceted, making it unlikely that a few neurotransmitters are solely responsible for complex mental health conditions.
The Causes of Depression
The causes of depression vary greatly among individuals, though some common factors include:
- Family history of depression
- Alcohol or substance use/abuse
- Trauma or acute/chronic stress
- Medications
- Serious medical concerns such as cancer, stroke, or chronic pain
In functional & integrative medicine, we also evaluate underlying causes that could lead to depression, such as:
Nutritional Deficiencies: Poor nutrition, including deficiencies in vitamins B and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and amino acids, can contribute to depressive symptoms.
Hormonal Imbalance: Hormones play a significant role in mood regulation. Imbalances in thyroid hormones, cortisol (related to stress response), and sex hormones can contribute to depressive symptoms.
Genetic Factors: While not a direct cause, certain genetic factors may predispose individuals to depression. Integrative approaches consider genetic susceptibilities and aim to address modifiable factors.
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation, often linked to diet and gut health, is associated with depression. Inflammatory markers may be elevated in individuals with depressive disorders.
Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunction: The gut microbiome influences brain function and mood. Imbalances in gut bacteria (dysbiosis) or conditions like leaky gut can contribute to depression.
Toxic Exposures: Exposure to environmental toxins, such as heavy metals or certain chemicals, may contribute to depressive symptoms.
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The Integrative Medicine Approach to Depression
Integrative approaches to depression involve a comprehensive assessment of nutritional, hormonal, gut-related, and environmental factors. Functional medicine lab tests play a crucial role in identifying underlying causes, guiding targeted interventions, and promoting a holistic understanding of mental health. This patient-centered approach emphasizes personalized care to address the unique factors contributing to an individual's depressive symptoms.
In contrast, the conventional approach to treating depression typically involves a combination of therapy and medication. Though the specific treatment plan depends on the type of depression diagnosed.
A Closer Look at Depression - Testing & Diagnostics
Functional medicine relies on a range of diagnostic tests to gain clarity on biochemistry and other factors that affect your mood. These tests may include:
- Nutrient Levels: Blood tests can assess levels of essential nutrients like vitamin D, B vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Inflammatory Markers: Tests measuring inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins, provide insights into the inflammatory status.
- Hormone Panels: Assessing levels of cortisol, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), and sex hormones helps identify hormonal imbalances.
- Comprehensive Stool Analysis: Evaluating the gut microbiome through stool tests helps identify dysbiosis, infections, and other gut-related issues.
- Toxicity Screening: Tests for heavy metals and other environmental toxins can identify potential contributors to depressive symptoms.
- Genetic Testing: While not diagnostic, genetic tests can reveal susceptibilities and guide personalized interventions.
Integrative providers may also use complementary therapies to address trauma and imbalances in the brain, such as craniosacral therapy, acupuncture, or traditional Eastern & herbal remedies.
Better Mental Health Is Possible
If you struggle with symptoms of depression, reach out to a functional or integrative medicine practitioner at CentreSpringMD who can help you identify and address the underlying causes.
