Alternative Approaches to Breast Cancer Screening: Mammograms & Beyond

Breast cancer accounts for 1 in 3 of all new female cancer diagnoses per year, which makes early detection paramount to successful treatment outcomes. And while mammography has historically been seen as the gold standard for breast cancer screening, integrative medicine doctors recognize the value of alternative methods to assess breast cancer risk. These approaches are often safe, effective, and less uncomfortable than traditional mammograms.

At this time, mammograms are still considered the best screening tests for breast cancer by many doctors. However, mammography has its limitations. For example, it may not detect breast cancer in women with dense breast tissue or younger women who have denser breasts. Additionally, there is a risk of false positives, which can lead to unnecessary stress and invasive follow-up procedures (1). As a result, many integrative medicine doctors offer alternative approaches for breast cancer screening that may be more suitable for certain individuals, and sometimes in conjunction with a mammogram.

There are several other beneficial screening tools available to you that you and your doctor can discuss during your next appointment. To familiarize yourself with these screenings, read on!

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Breast Thermography

Breast thermography is a non-invasive, radiation-free procedure that uses infrared imaging to detect changes in temperature and blood flow patterns in breast tissue. These changes may indicate the presence of abnormal cell growth or other changes that could be associated with breast cancer (2). Breast thermography can detect changes earlier than mammography, making it a valuable tool for early detection and treatment (3).

Strengths: Thermography is a non-invasive technique that uses thermal imaging to detect changes in breast tissue temperature. It can identify abnormalities years before they become visible on a mammogram. It's radiation-free and painless.

Weaknesses: While it's highly sensitive, it's most effective when combined with other screening methods (4).

Learn more about Thermography

Ultrasound

A breast ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of breast tissue. Ultrasound is useful in detecting lumps or masses that may not be seen on a mammogram. It is also helpful in determining whether a lump is solid or fluid-filled, which can help to diagnose breast cancer. Ultrasound is an excellent option for women who have dense breast tissue (5).

Strengths: Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of breast tissue. It's safe, painless, and is often used to evaluate abnormalities detected by other methods.

Weaknesses: It may not detect very small or deep-seated abnormalities as effectively as mammography (6). It's often used as a supplementary screening tool.

Clinical Breast Exams

A clinical breast exam is a physical exam performed by a healthcare provider to detect changes in breast tissue. During the exam, the provider will look for any lumps or changes in the breast tissue. They will also feel the breasts to detect any abnormalities. A clinical breast exam is an important screening tool for women, especially those who are at higher risk for breast cancer (7). If performed for screening, intervals of every 1–3 years for women aged 25–39 years and annually for women 40 years and older are reasonable.

Strengths: A skilled practitioner can perform a thorough examination of breast tissue, feeling for lumps or abnormalities. It's quick, painless, and doesn't expose you to radiation.

Weaknesses: CBE alone may miss some smaller or deeper abnormalities. Regular screenings are essential to ensure early detection.

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Genetic Testing

Some people may be at higher risk for breast cancer due to their genetics. Genetic testing can help identify women who may be at higher risk for breast cancer. A simple blood test can identify mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which can increase a woman’s risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Women with a high risk of breast cancer may be offered a range of screening and prevention options.

Strengths: Genetic tests like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can identify inherited gene mutations that significantly increase breast cancer risk. Knowing your genetic risk allows for proactive measures.

Weaknesses: Genetic testing can be expensive and may not be covered by insurance. It only assesses the risk associated with specific gene mutations, not overall breast cancer risk that factors in diet, lifestyle, and environment.

Read: The Integrative Guide to Perimenopause

Self-Exams

While not traditionally considered a screening tool, self-exams are still an essential part of breast cancer prevention. Even though breast self-exams are no longer recommended by the American Cancer Society, women should get to know their breasts and be aware of any changes. If they notice any lumps, bumps, or changes, they should see their healthcare provider promptly.

Strengths: You can perform BSE in the comfort of your home. It helps you become familiar with your breast tissue and notice any changes over time.

Weaknesses: It may lead to false alarms, and some women may not perform it correctly or consistently. BSE is most effective when combined with other screening methods.

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging to screen for breast cancer is a relatively new technology. However, it’s gaining popularity for its ability to detect small abnormalities and evaluate breast tissue in dense breasts more effectively. MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.

Strengths: Highly accurate in detecting abnormalities, especially in women with dense breast tissue for whom a mammogram may not be best suited. It’s often used for high-risk individuals or as a follow-up to other screenings (8).

Weaknesses: MRI is more expensive and time-consuming than mammography. It may produce false positives, leading to unnecessary biopsies.

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Mammogram

Mammograms are X-rays of the breasts, providing useful information about breast health, but also exposing the breast to a small amount of radiation. Mammograms can detect small lumps, changes in breast tissue, and calcifications that may indicate early signs of breast cancer. Mammograms are typically recommended for women over 40 or those with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Hundreds of thousands of mammograms are performed every year in the U.S. both as a screening measure and as a diagnostic tool. Yet, despite their numbers, there’s evidence to suggest that mammograms don’t decrease mortality related to breast cancer, and screening has not lowered the rate of advanced cancers (9,10).

Strengths: Mammography has been the standard for breast cancer screening for decades, and provides useful information about breast health.

Weaknesses: Mammograms can be uncomfortable or painful for some women. They expose you to ionizing radiation, which carries a slight risk. Mammography may miss cancers in dense breast tissue.

More on breast health: 10 Foods to Support Breast Health

Final thoughts about breast cancer screening methods

While mammography remains the gold standard for breast cancer screening, integrative medicine doctors recognize the value of alternative methods to assess breast cancer risk. Breast thermography, ultrasound, clinical breast exams, genetic testing, and self-exams are all valuable screening tools that can help detect breast cancer earlier.

Early detection is key to successful treatment, so it’s essential to be aware of all the screening options available to you. If you have any concerns about breast cancer, be sure to discuss this with your integrative provider. They can help you identify which screening tools are best for you, and help you address your individual risk factors. By taking control of your breast health and staying proactive, you can reduce your risk of breast cancer and enjoy better health and longevity.

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About
the author

CentreSpring MD, formerly known as Atlanta Center for Holistic and Integrative Medicine, provides the best medical care by using an integrative approach to find a patient’s centre—their core—empowering them to spring forth into health.

Blog Reviewed By:

Dr. Taz Bhatia, M.D.

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