Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Hidden Culprit for Fertility Woes
Subclinical hypothyroidism means that the thyroid hormone levels are within the “normal” range on lab tests, with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) often elevated. Subclinical hypothyroidism indicates an early-stage thyroid dysfunction.
While subclinical hypothyroidism may not necessitate thyroid hormone replacement in the eyes of some conventional providers, it can still pose a threat to fertility (5).
Estimates suggest that 2% to 4% of non-pregnant women of childbearing age grapple with this subtle form of thyroid dysfunction (6). The prevalence might be even higher, emphasizing the need for vigilance in evaluating thyroid health in women seeking to conceive.
Read: 9 Must-Have Preventative Screenings Before Turning 40
Signs and Symptoms to Watch Out For
Women with hypothyroidism may experience a range of symptoms that can be easily overlooked or attributed to other factors. These include weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, dry skin, mood swings, and irregular periods. Some women may also notice changes in their basal body temperature (BBT) and cervical mucus, which can affect their ability to track ovulation accurately.
It is essential to pay attention to these signs and symptoms and consult with a healthcare provider if you suspect you may have an underactive thyroid. A simple blood test can confirm the diagnosis, and early detection can prevent further complications of thyroid disease down the road.
Read: Increase Your Chances of Conception with Acupuncture
Thyroid-Fertility Connection: Key Tests and Indicators
If you suspect that hypothyroidism might be affecting your fertility, you need to get a comprehensive thyroid evaluation. The standard lab tests for thyroid function are TSH, free T3, and free T4. However, these tests may not detect early stages of hypothyroidism or autoimmune thyroid disease like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Additional tests, such as thyroid antibodies, check for thyroid autoimmunity.
A comprehensive thyroid panel consists of five simple blood tests:
- TSH
- free T4
- free T3
- reverse T3
- anti-TPO & anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Most women will have had their TSH levels tested at some point, but this number alone can be misleading. Ruling out hypothyroidism based solely on a “normal” TSH may miss some cases of Hashimoto’s especially, because thyroid function can be erratic in the early stages.
In early Hashimoto’s, TSH levels may appear normal at the time of a test, even if you have an underactive thyroid gland.
Related: Could PCOS Be Autoimmune?
Promoting Fertility and Thyroid Harmony
With treatment, you can work with your doctor to reduce the chances of related fertility issues down the line. In one group of almost 400 women suffering from infertility, 24% of participants were found to have hypothyroidism—but within a year of treatment, 76% were able to conceive (7).
The thyroid is only one part of an interconnected web of glands and hormones that communicate with each other to maintain balance. So if your thyroid needs extra support, it’s important that you work to balance other hormonal issues as well.
If you end up needing thyroid treatment, its success is also dependent upon overall hormone balance.
- Prioritize blood sugar balance and insulin sensitivity by avoiding sugary foods and choosing a balance of protein, healthy fats, and fiber during mealtimes.
- Address your stress levels to balance adrenal hormones like cortisol. Chronic stress can suppress fertility hormones.
- Consider getting tested for food sensitivities or allergies. Any kind of inflammatory response in the body can trigger thyroid problems and contribute to an autoimmune attack on the thyroid. Gluten is a common sensitivity with Hashimoto’s (8).
- Gut health is also essential for proper thyroid function. The majority of the immune system resides in the gut, and inflammation or imbalance in this area can lead to autoimmune reactions.
- Eat nutrient-dense foods that support thyroid function, including iodine-rich foods, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Adequate Sleep: Ensure sufficient and restorative sleep for hormonal regulation and thyroid health.
If you suspect that hypothyroidism might be affecting your fertility, getting a comprehensive thyroid evaluation is crucial.
Related: The Integrative Medicine Guide to Infertility
What to Remember
For women facing fertility challenges, a thorough exploration of thyroid function is pivotal. Seeking the guidance of a healthcare professional well-versed in thyroid health and fertility can pave the way for targeted interventions.
Unmasking hypothyroidism, whether overt or subclinical, and embracing lifestyle adjustments can not only enhance fertility prospects but also lay the foundation for a healthier thyroid and overall well-being.
